Portuguese Water Dog: Your Complete Guide
The Portuguese water dog (PWD), or “cao de agua,” as it’s called in Portugal, is a true fisherman’s companion. Their waterproof outer coat combined with their webbed feet makes them one of the best swimmer dogs.
Hundreds of theories surround the origin of this breed, but most believe the first known record dates back to the late 15th or early 16th century. What we know for certain, though, is that without PWDs, there’d be no poodles, no Newfoundlands, no Irish water spaniels, and a distinct lack of several other breeds we’re familiar with today.
In this article, we will take a deeper look at the PWD’s history, physical characteristics, temperament, grooming needs, and many other things.
Quick Look at the Portuguese Water Dog
Below is a quick glance at the Portuguese water dog in terms of its physical characteristics, lifespan, temperament, and grooming needs.
| Weight/Height | 40 to 60 pounds, 20 to 23 inches |
| Coat Type | Curly and wavy long coat |
| Grooming Needs |  |
| Shedding |  |
| Temperament | Fun loving, affectionate, intelligent |
| Good With Kids |  |
| Good With Other Animals |  |
| Intelligence | |
| Easy to Train | |
| Energy Level | |
| Barking Habits | |
| Lifespan | 12-15 years |
What Is the History of Portuguese Water Dogs?
The PWD’s origin story is uncertain, dating back to the 15th century, leaving us with numerous intriguing theories about their formation. However, Portuguese fishermen found them invaluable, and that’s where these dogs gained their well-known name and popularity.
Fishermen in Algarve, Portugal, were the first to use these dogs to help collect and guard caught fish, carry messages between ships, fetch items that fell overboard, and retrieve broken nets and other gear. They were a major part of their crews and were properly looked after.
With technological advancements, the use of these working dogs became obsolete, and their popularity declined over time. By 1930, the breed was very close to going extinct.
Thanks to Vasco Bensaude, who started a breeding program to save the breed by gathering the best specimens. Leao, a dog working on a boat, caught Vasco’s eye, and he acquired him after some tough negotiations. This elegant PWD set the standard for the preservation program.
The first arrival of this redefined breed in the US and UK was recorded in 1972. Only 12 came to the United States. They were widely admired by dog lovers, and within 10 years, the number rose to 650. They were officially recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1983.
A PWD named Bo was the pet dog of former US President Barack Obama from 2009 to 2017, who lived with him in the White House. President Obama chose this breed specifically because it is hypoallergenic, as Malia Obama suffered from dog allergies.
What Do Portuguese Water Dogs Look Like?
PWDs are robust and sturdy, with bodies longer than their height and strong, broad chests. Their legs are even stronger with webbed feet, while the tails are long and hang down. They have heart-shaped ears that hang down and are covered in curly coats. Their dark eyes blend in with their dark coats.
Their single coat is either wavy or curly and comes in several colors, such as white or brown, pure black, black or brown, and parti-color. Silver fox and gray are also potential color coats. A pure black PWD, with its long curls, is truly eye-catching and a sight to behold.
What Size Is a Portuguese Water Dog?
An adult male PWD weighs between 40 and 60 pounds, standing about 20 to 23 inches tall at the shoulders. Similarly, an adult female PWD weighs between 35 to 50 pounds, standing about 17 to 21 inches tall at the shoulder.
What Is a Portuguese Water Dog’s Coat Type and Length?
PWDs have a single coat that comes in two varieties: curly or wavy. The curly coat features tight, cylindrical curls, while the wavy coat has gentle, flowing waves. Their coats are very fluffy and hypoallergenic, as they don’t shed.
What Is a Portuguese Water Dog’s Temperament?
PWDs are fluffy furballs with a gentle, kind, and friendly demeanor. They form deep bonds with their families and are generally great with kids. Their loyalty makes them excellent guard dogs, but when trained properly, they can be friendly with strangers as well.
These energetic goofballs are playful and lively, and their happiest moment of the day is playing fetch with their families. They have a great sense of humor and fun-loving personalities, always trying their best to make you laugh with their goofiness.
However, they can quickly get bored if they’re not mentally and physically stimulated. As soon as they hear, ‘Let’s go outside!’, though, they’ll perk up and start bouncing around with excitement.
Are Portuguese Water Dogs Good With Kids?
Yes, these dogs are amazing with kids and will protect them no matter what. Due to their high energies, they will always keep your kids entertained, which will keep both of them happy and busy. This is a win-win situation for you and your dog.
They’re great with young kids, tolerating rough play and enjoying cuddle time with the family. However, their behavior largely depends on how well they’re trained, especially as puppies.
Early socialization and teaching both your dog and your kids proper and positive interaction methods will result in healthy and gentle behavior from both of them.
Are Portuguese Water Dogs Good With Other Animals?
Yes, they get along very well with other house pets if both are raised together from an early age. Due to their high energy drive, it’s a good idea to consider having another pet dog or even a cat so they can play together and help each other burn off excessive energy. However, note that early socialization will go a long way in making sure they always remain on their best behavior in the future.
Owing to their hunting and ratting instincts, these dogs will chase small animals such as rodents, hamsters, Guinea pigs, and birds, so if you already have a small pet, it’s better to look for a different breed.
Are Portuguese Water Dogs Aggressive?
No, they are kind and loving dogs that are affectionate and gentle. It is highly unlikely for them to display aggressive behavior except when they’re left alone for hours. They get bored very easily when they’re alone and can develop separation anxiety.
This might lead to them becoming a bit aggressive and prone to destructive behavior. That’s why you must provide them with enough attention; otherwise, your sofas and cushions are at great risk of being destroyed. Once again, it all boils down to your training and setting boundaries at an early age, which will help prevent such aggression in the future.
Do Portuguese Water Dogs Bark?
No, they aren’t considered yappers and are likely to be quieter dogs than other hunter or worker breeds. However, you can train them to alert you to the sound of a doorbell, phone ring, or other such things.
Their intelligence and alertness make them good watchdogs, as they may bark at signs of strangers or potential threats, but they won’t bark unnecessarily and can remain quiet. It all depends on the training they receive during their puppyhood.
Are Portuguese Water Dogs Affectionate?
Yes, they are very affectionate and loving dogs that will form a deep bond with you. They love to hug and cuddle with their owners and can get easily jealous if they see you hug other animals or people. This jealous behavior is nothing to worry about, though.
They’re velcro dogs, perfect for those who enjoy the constant company of a canine companion. They’ll happily join you in your daily activities and adore both giving and receiving affection.
Are Portuguese Water Dogs Intelligent?
PWDs are incredibly intelligent and smart breeds, a trait inherited from their ancestors who were bred to guard fishermen’s businesses. This natural intelligence makes them perfect for agility and obedience training.
However, if strict boundaries are not set, they may try to outsmart you at any given opportunity. Positive reinforcement will help negate such behavior even in adulthood.
Are Portuguese Water Dogs Energetic?
Yes, this breed is known for its athleticism and highly energetic demeanor, which makes them good candidates for athletics and other sports. These dogs are often the top choice for people who enjoy training dogs for AKC dog sports.
One downside to this energetic personality is that it requires lots of mental and physical stimulation. This is easily solvable by providing them with enough toys to keep them occupied and taking them out for daily walks and other exercises to burn off excess energy.“
PWDs require at least 40 minutes or more daily exercise or playtime.
Are Portuguese Water Dogs Easy to Train?
Yes, they are highly energetic and eager to please dogs that are quite easy and willing to be trained. Training them is far easier than training any other breed. Another great thing about them is that they’ll relish every minute of their training as they love spending time with their families.
These dogs are excellent for agility, obedience, and other dog competitions, and they are easily trainable for water sports and other sporting activities.
Are Portuguese Water Dogs Good Watchdogs?
Yes, they were initially bred to help fishermen guard their catch and belongings. While they’re usually quiet, you can train them to bark at specific sounds or stimuli as needed.
They are loyal and protective furballs that won’t hesitate at any sign of a threat or intruder. However, their size might not always be enough to intimidate intruders.
Are Portuguese Water Dogs Good Service Dogs?
No, most Portuguese water dogs don’t make very good service animals. However, they could become emotional support animals (ESAs) because of their gentle and friendly nature.
Of course, this isn’t true for all PWDs. Some could become therapy or assistance dogs with the right training and temperament, but most of them are better suited to roles such as watching and guarding.
How to Care for a Portuguese Water Dog?
PWDs are fairly simple to groom and take care of. All you need to do is brush their coat daily to avoid mats and tangles from forming, brush their teeth regularly, and trim their nails when required. The most important part of taking care of them is making sure they get enough exercise and playtime.
Make sure you give them a bath before they start to smell. Regular vet check-ups and vaccinations will keep your PWD healthy and full of life.
Do You Need to Groom a Portuguese Water Dog?
Yes, they require moderate to extensive grooming due to their curly and wavy coats that are prone to being tangled. Daily brushing of the coat with a bit of trimming each month will help against matting.
Taking them to a professional groomer once in a while can improve their appearance and coat health. Keep in mind that you’ll have to introduce them to daily grooming from a young age to make sure they respond positively to it.
Since these dogs enjoy being in the water, it’s important to take extra care to prevent any infections they may develop from chemicals present in swimming pool water.
Do Portuguese Water Dogs Shed?
These dogs are hypoallergenic as they shed a minimal amount and make great companions for people who suffer from mild dog-related allergies. Regular brushing can help curb the amount of fur that ends up around your home.
What Health Problems Do Portuguese Water Dogs Have?
Common health issues seen in this breed are mentioned below:
- Hip Dysplasia: This is a genetic disorder characterized by the thigh bone not properly adjusting into the hip joint. A dog suffering from this may show lameness and discomfort. It’s inherited but sometimes can be caused by a physical injury. Properly checking the dog’s family history will help you understand if there are any potential genetic issues.
- Juvenile Dilated Cardiomyopathy: This disease is usually inherited and is characterized by the sudden death of dogs in their puppyhood (between the ages of 5 weeks and 7 months). There is currently no cure and no method for pre-diagnosis. The only way to prevent the spread of the disease is to avoid breeding dogs that carry the gene.
- Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA): This is a degenerative disorder of the eye that is characterized by loss of photoreceptors that eventually leads to complete loss of vision. It is easily detectable, so make sure you take your dog to the vet for regular eye check-ups. Adopting or buying from a reputable and certified breeder will help prevent the occurrence of this disorder.
- Storage Disease (GM1): This is a recessive genetic disorder that is characterized by the build-up of toxins in the nerve cells due to the lack of an enzyme that inhibits it. This is a fatal disease, but thanks to a new DNA test, it’s possible to know if a dog is a carrier or not.
How Long Do Portuguese Water Dogs Live?
The average lifespan of a PWD ranges between 12 to 15 years. Proper care and regular veterinary checkups can help ensure your dog lives a long, happy life.
What Should a Portuguese Water Dog Eat?
High-quality nutrition, along with a balanced diet, is perfect for PWD. An ideal diet contains adequate lean protein along with good veggies such as sweet potatoes and watery fruits such as strawberries.
PWD’s energy levels require a bit more food quantity to keep them at their peak performance levels. For this purpose, 2.5 to 3.5 cups of food should be enough to keep them healthy. However, we recommend consulting a vet before making any dietary decisions.
Giving treats to your dog is a great way to keep them happy and lively. However, treats should only make up 10 percent of their overall diet to prevent obesity.
Is a Portuguese Water Dog the Right Dog for Me?
Portuguese water dogs are highly energetic, friendly, and affectionate furballs eager to please their people with their goofy behavior. These dogs are loyal and protective of their families and make an excellent watchdog.
They require lots of attention from their owners, and they can develop separation anxiety. These dogs also need frequent mental and physical stimulation to maintain healthy attitudes. PWDs are usually quiet dogs that are not considered yappers, which makes them great for apartment life.
If you can spend lots of time with them, then a PWD will be the perfect choice for you.